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Bibliography — Canonical Sources for the Universal Physics Wiki

Status: Living reference (append-only; deduped across domain dossiers). Last updated: 2026-06-10

This page is the consolidated source list for the wiki. It contains only real, standard references that the author is confident exist: canonical textbooks (author + title) and genuinely landmark papers (author, year). Where a precise detail (volume, page, exact year) is uncertain, the entry carries an inline [unverified] flag and gives author + title + approximate year only — per the EPISTEMICS.md rule that we never fabricate citations, numbers, or theorems.

Scope of the epistemic tags here. A reference's existence is treated as ESTABLISHED unless flagged [unverified]. The tag attached to an entry instead grades the epistemic status of the physics the source reports: a textbook of confirmed theory is ESTABLISHED; a foundational-interpretation paper is CONTESTED or SPECULATIVE; a research-frontier program is SPECULATIVE or OPEN. This lets the bibliography double as a quick map of how firm the underlying claim is, consistent with the conventions in EPISTEMICS.md.

How to cite from wiki pages. Domain pages should link here rather than re-listing full citations. Cite as, e.g., "Weinberg, QTF I–III (see BIBLIOGRAPHY.md)." Numerical values should always be sourced to the Particle Data Group or Planck (below), never stated from memory — see CONSTANTS_AND_SCALES.md.

A handful of sources are load-bearing in more than one domain (MTW, Wald, Reed–Simon, Nielsen–Chuang, Haag, Glimm–Jaffe, Peskin–Schroeder, Weinberg's QTF, Landau–Lifshitz, the Hawking 1975 and Bekenstein 1973 papers, Jarzynski/Crooks, Wilson–Kogut). Each is listed once under its primary domain and cross-referenced from the others to avoid duplication.

1. Quantum mechanics and foundations

Primary support for domains/quantum-mechanics.md.

Textbooks and monographs

  • P. A. M. Dirac, The Principles of Quantum Mechanics (Oxford Univ. Press, 1930; 4th ed. 1958). ESTABLISHED — Origin of the bra–ket formalism, representation-independent state/operator picture, and transformation theory underlying the Hilbert-space axioms.
  • J. von Neumann, Mathematical Foundations of Quantum Mechanics (Springer, 1932; Princeton Univ. Press transl. 1955). ESTABLISHED — The rigorous Hilbert-space axiomatization: self-adjoint operators, the spectral theorem, density matrices, the projection postulate, and the first serious analysis of measurement.
  • A. Peres, Quantum Theory: Concepts and Methods (Kluwer, 1995). ESTABLISHED — Operationally rigorous text emphasizing measurement, Kochen–Specker, Bell, and careful statement of the formalism.
  • J. S. Bell, Speakable and Unspeakable in Quantum Mechanics (Cambridge Univ. Press, 1987; 2nd ed. 2004). ESTABLISHED (results) / CONTESTED (interpretive morals) — Collected papers including the Bell inequality, the critique of the measurement "shifty split," and incisive analyses of nonlocality and hidden variables.
  • M. A. Nielsen and I. L. Chuang, Quantum Computation and Quantum Information (Cambridge Univ. Press, 2000; 10th anniversary ed. 2010). ESTABLISHED — Standard reference for density matrices, POVMs, Kraus/CPTP maps, entanglement measures, Tsirelson's bound, and no-cloning. (Also primary for §7; cross-listed there.)

Landmark papers

  • A. M. Gleason, "Measures on the closed subspaces of a Hilbert space," J. Math. Mech. 6, 885 (1957). ESTABLISHED — Derives the Born-rule form as the unique noncontextual probability measure on projections for dim⁡H≥3\dim \mathcal{H} \ge 3.
  • S. Kochen and E. P. Specker, "The problem of hidden variables in quantum mechanics," J. Math. Mech. 17, 59 (1967). ESTABLISHED — The Kochen–Specker theorem establishing quantum contextuality for dim⁡H≥3\dim \mathcal{H} \ge 3: no noncontextual value assignment v:P(H)→{0,1}v: \mathcal{P}(\mathcal{H}) \to \{0,1\} exists.
  • J. F. Clauser, M. A. Horne, A. Shimony, R. A. Holt, "Proposed experiment to test local hidden-variable theories," Phys. Rev. Lett. 23, 880 (1969). ESTABLISHED — The CHSH inequality ∣⟨S⟩∣≤2|\langle S\rangle| \le 2 classically (vs. Tsirelson's 222\sqrt{2} quantum bound); foundation of all subsequent Bell tests.
  • V. Gorini, A. Kossakowski, E. C. G. Sudarshan (1976) and G. Lindblad, "On the generators of quantum dynamical semigroups," Commun. Math. Phys. 48, 119 (1976). ESTABLISHED — Independent derivations of the GKSL/Lindblad generator, the most general Markovian (CPTP-semigroup) open-system master equation.
  • P. Busch, "Quantum states and generalized observables: a simple proof of Gleason's theorem," Phys. Rev. Lett. 91, 120403 (2003); and C. M. Caves, C. A. Fuchs, K. Manne, J. M. Renes, "Gleason-type derivations of the quantum probability rule for generalized measurements," Found. Phys. 34, 193 (2004; arXiv:quant-ph/0306179). ESTABLISHED — The Gleason–Busch (effect/POVM) theorem, extending the Born-form uniqueness to dim⁡H=2\dim\mathcal H = 2 at the price of additivity over all compatible effects. (Fourth author is Manne, not Schack.)

Recent preprints (2026, not yet peer-reviewed)

  • E. O. Torres Alegre, "Causal Rigidity of Born-Type Probability Rules in Infinite-Dimensional Operational Theories," arXiv:2602.09056 (Pontifical Catholic Univ. of Chile, submitted 7 Feb 2026). [arXiv preprint — verified real, not peer-reviewed] — A rigidity theorem (Thm 1, "Causal Rigidity"): under (i) no-signaling, (ii) normal steering via σ\sigma-additive purification — an infinite-dimensional generalization of the Hughston–Jozsa–Wootters/GHJW theorem — and (iii) σ\sigma-affinity of probability assignments under countable preparation mixtures (plus implicit continuity/monotonicity of Φ\Phi), the post-processing map in P=Φ(τ)P=\Phi(\tau) must be the identity, making the Born rule the unique no-signaling-compatible probability assignment on infinite-dimensional normal operational state spaces (lifting the finite-dimensional Gleason–Busch form-rigidity). Caveat: §6 presupposes a von Neumann-algebra representation and then recovers τ=∣⟨ϕ∣ψ⟩∣2\tau=|\langle\phi|\psi\rangle|^2 — it does NOT derive the Hilbert space or the algebraic scaffold, so it sharpens the Born-form rigidity rather than grounding the formalism (relocates, not dissolves; cf. the GPT-reconstruction verdict KA-5 in notes/2026-06-08-born-rule-and-quantum-linearity.md). Authors flag normal steering as "the strongest assumption." — Note (iteration-4, web-confirmed): the other 2026 preprint IDs cited in the Born-rule note are all real (promoted from [unverified]): arXiv:2603.06211 (J. Zhang, Summing to Uncertainty — additivity as the shared load-bearing premise across Born-rule derivations); arXiv:2601.18856 (V. Pronskikh, Operationally induced preferred basis in unitary quantum mechanics); arXiv:2601.13012 (A. K. Pati, No-Signalling Fixes the Hilbert-Space Inner Product — fixes the inner product, not linearity, which it assumes). No fabrication was found anywhere in the wiki's citations.

Iteration-4 verified additions

  • M. B. Fröb, "Modular Hamiltonian for de Sitter diamonds," JHEP 12 (2023) 074 (arXiv:2308.14797). ESTABLISHED — Single-authored. The dS-diamond modular Hamiltonian is the Casini–Huerta–Myers conformal-Killing-vector flow, geometric only in the conformal vacuum, reducing to the static-patch boost in the large-diamond limit. (Corrects an iteration-3 "Forste et al." misattribution.) Bears on the OP-41 dS first-law analysis (see §9, HYPOTHESES.md).
  • Muon g−2g-2 Theory Initiative (WP2025), "The anomalous magnetic moment of the muon in the Standard Model" (arXiv:2505.21476, 2025). ESTABLISHED — Lattice-QCD HVP-based SM prediction aμSM=116 592 033(62)×10−11a_\mu^{\rm SM}=116\,592\,033(62)\times10^{-11}, Δaμ=38(63)×10−11\Delta a_\mu=38(63)\times10^{-11} (SM-consistent); supersedes the WP2020 data-driven value for the g−2g-2 anomaly status. See OPEN_PROBLEMS.md OP-21 and domains/particle-physics.md.

Iteration-6 verified additions (2026-06-10)

All arXiv IDs below were re-resolved by the iteration-6 referees against arXiv/journal listings on 2026-06-10. Journal references flagged [unverified] rest on search-snippet or Springer-sighting provenance only and must not be promoted until a DOI is checked. Per EPISTEMICS.md §4, no citation here is invented; titles are quoted only where verified.

Closed-universe / dS holography (OP-50, HYP-dS-CARDINALITY-R1):

  • M. Usatyuk, Z. Wang, Y. Zhao, SciPost Phys. 17, 051 (2024). ESTABLISHED, within 2D models — Including spacetime wormholes in the inner product degenerates the Gram matrix of perturbatively-distinct closed-universe states to rank 1 in JT gravity + matter and a topological model: a unique closed-universe state per theory. The proven core of the OP-50 debate.
  • D. Harlow, M. Usatyuk, Y. Zhao, arXiv:2501.02359 [JHEP ref unverified — Springer sighting only]. CONTESTED premise — The "observer rescue": an internal observer with SObS_{Ob} degrees of freedom is described by an effective QM on a Hilbert space of dim ~eSObe^{S_{Ob}} (gravitational-path-integral argument, not a theorem). Counter-positions: Antonini–Rath–Sasieta–Swingle–Vilar López (arXiv:2507.10649); H. Liu (arXiv:2509.14327); Engelhardt–Gesteau (arXiv:2504.14586).
  • J. Maldacena, arXiv:2412.14014 (2024). ESTABLISHED as the paper's claim — An observer mostly cancels the dimension-dependent phase iD+2i^{D+2} of the dS sphere partition function; the A/4GA/4G coefficient still comes from the classical saddle (η input).

Algebraic frontier (OP-44, OP-48c):

  • K. Jensen, S. Raju, A. J. Speranza, arXiv:2412.21185; JHEP 06 (2025) 242. ESTABLISHED — The AdS boundary time-band algebra strictly has no commutant nonperturbatively; coarse-grained observer version reduces to the modular crossed product at leading order; uniqueness: the modular crossed product is the only crossed product of a III₁ algebra with a trace.
  • J. De Vuyst, S. Eccles, P. A. Höhn, J. Kirklin, "Linearization (in)stabilities and crossed products," arXiv:2411.19931; JHEP (2025) 211. ESTABLISHED — Locates the order-GN2G_N^2 obligation at the quadratic (boost) linearization-instability constraints; "essentially unambiguous" for spatially closed spacetimes. Companion: PW=CLPW + QRF-relative entropies, arXiv:2405.00114, JHEP (2025) 146.
  • M. S. Klinger, J. Kudler-Flam, G. Satishchandran, "Generalized Entropy is von Neumann Entropy II: The complete symmetry group and edge modes," arXiv:2601.07910 (2026, 104 pp). ESTABLISHED — Perturbative Type II structure survives the complete constraint family with boost-supertranslation edge modes; entropy = SgenS_{\rm gen} + edge-mode + constant term.
  • V. Chandrasekaran, É. É. Flanagan, "Subregion algebras in classical and quantum gravity," arXiv:2601.07915 (2026, 111 pp). ESTABLISHED — GSL for non-stationary linearized perturbations of Killing horizons; quantum focusing conjecture proven within the linearized/perturbative regime.
  • J. Kudler-Flam, E. Witten, "Emergent Mixed States for Baby Universes and Black Holes," arXiv:2510.06376. ESTABLISHED — Baby-universe state sequences fail to converge at large N; appropriate averaging over N yields mixed-state convergence with nontrivial commutants (the OP-44 "survives-after-averaging" option). Companion: Mellin averaging over N, arXiv:2605.15180.
  • A. Herderschee, J. Kudler-Flam, "Stringy algebras, stretched horizons, and quantum-connected wormholes," arXiv:2510.01556. ESTABLISHED — Hagedorn spectrum breaks the split property for regions within a string length; algebraic definition of stretched horizons; Type III ER=EPR factors.
  • H. Liu, "Lectures on entanglement, von Neumann algebras, and emergence of spacetime," arXiv:2510.07017 (2025, 119 pp). ESTABLISHED, review — The actual 2025 synthesis of the algebraic program (corrects the garbled "KLS-trio review" lead).
  • L. van Luijk, A. Stottmeister, H. Wilming, "Multipartite Embezzlement of Entanglement," Quantum 9, 1818 (2025); arXiv:2409.07646. ESTABLISHED — A multipartite system of commuting III₁ factors on which every state is embezzling: the consistent non-Type-I composition endpoint in the OP-48(c) horn-C residue. Synthesis: van Luijk, arXiv:2510.07563 (type classification ↔ operational entanglement properties).

Pseudo-entropy / OP-49:

  • W.-z. Guo, S. He, Y.-X. Zhang, arXiv:2209.07308; JHEP 05 (2023) 021. ESTABLISHED — Reality of pseudo-(Rényi-)entropy trace moments is necessary-and-sufficiently characterized by η-pseudo-Hermiticity of the transition matrix (diagonalizable case), with a Tomita–Takesaki reality class. The reality theorem grounding the OP-49 near-no-go.
  • K. Doi, J. Harper, A. Mollabashi, T. Takayanagi, Y. Taki, Phys. Rev. Lett. 130, 031601 (2023). ESTABLISHED — dS₃/CFT₂ pseudo-entropy: Re S = SdS/2S_{\rm dS}/2, finite, region-independent; all region-dependence and divergence imaginary. (Source of the iter-5 Re/Im inversion correction.)
  • Li–Xiao–He–Sun, arXiv:2511.17098 (2025). [ESTABLISHED re paper content, equation-level verified; no verbatim cancellation quote — paraphrase only] — Timelike-EE first law in AdS/CFT ⟺ linearized Einstein equations; the imaginary part is a state- and interval-independent constant dropping out of variations — the unitary mirror of the dS case under c→icc\to ic.
  • A. J. Parzygnat, T. Takayanagi, Y. Taki, Z. Wei, arXiv:2307.06531; JHEP 12 (2023) 123. ESTABLISHED — SVD entanglement entropy: the only known intrinsically real, non-negative two-state entropy; the OP-49 residual protocol (no first law exists as of 2026-06).

Phenomenology (watchlist):

  • E. Verlinde, K. Zurek, JHEP 04 (2020) 209; and Phys. Rev. D 106, 106011 (2022). INFERENCE within AdS/CFT — Modular-fluctuation area law ⟨ΔK2⟩=⟨K⟩=A/4G\langle\Delta K^2\rangle=\langle K\rangle=A/4G and its shockwave reproduction: the anchor of the geontropic chain (η input at the modular→metric step).
  • S. M. Vermeulen et al. (GQuEST), Phys. Rev. X 15, 011034 (2025). ESTABLISHED design — Photon-counting Michelson design; 5σ on the pixellon benchmark α=1 in O(10⁵) s; pixellon derivation from a UV-complete theory "still underway" (stated admission). Sibling bound: QUEST, PRL 135, 101402 (2025), arXiv:2410.09175.
  • D. Carney, S. Karydas, A. Sivaramakrishnan, Phys. Rev. D 113, 106002 (2026). ESTABLISHED — Minimal graviton-EFT null prediction: arm-length variance ~ℓp2\ell_p^2, no IR divergences; a VZ-magnitude detection would "signal a severe breakdown of effective quantum field theory in low energy quantum gravity" (verbatim verified). Confound: Freidel–Oberfrank, arXiv:2601.17849 (PSD depends on the graviton quantum state).
  • J. Oppenheim, "A postquantum theory of classical gravity?," arXiv:1811.03116; Phys. Rev. X 13, 041040 (2023). ESTABLISHED framework / CONTESTED physics — CPTP classical–quantum gravity; stochastic metric + matter, no measurement postulate.
  • J. Oppenheim, C. Sparaciari, B. Šoda, Z. Weller-Davies, arXiv:2203.01982; Nat. Commun. 14, 7910 (2023). ESTABLISHED, theorem within CQ — The decoherence–diffusion trade-off: coherence forces classical-sector diffusion observable as force noise.
  • T. Janse, D. G. Uitenbroek, J. van Everdingen, S. Plugge, B. Hensen, T. H. Oosterkamp, arXiv:2403.08912; Phys. Rev. Research 6, 033076 (2024). ESTABLISHED — Force-noise compilation lowering the spacetime-diffusion bound ≥15 orders; ultralocal-continuous dead, ultralocal-discrete below the upper bound (with stated caveats), non-local continuous within ~1 order.
  • A. Biggs, J. Maldacena, arXiv:2405.02227. ESTABLISHED as published counter-reading — Ordinary finite-temperature matter reproduces the qualitative Danielson–Satishchandran–Wald horizon-decoherence effect: thermality, not horizon-ness, does the work (the DSW deflation). (Bibliographic fix from the A1 referee: arXiv:2505.17450 is a Lifshitz moving-mirror holographic analogue by Kawamoto–Lee–Yeh, NOT an independent reproduction of the DSW rate.)
  • V. Vilasini, R. Renner, Phys. Rev. A 110, 022227 (2024); companion arXiv:2408.13387. ESTABLISHED — Indefinite-causal-order processes embedded in acyclic spacetime admit a definite, acyclic fine-grained causal-order explanation: process matrices do not generate causal order.

Generation-construction survey (OP-46 / HYP-CKV-VACUITY-R3):

  • S.-S. Lee, JHEP 06 (2020) 070; arXiv:1912.12291 (full text checked). SPECULATIVE as physics; ESTABLISHED that the paper exhibits it — Matrix model in which signature is a state-dependent dynamical output (dS-like Lorentzian regions bridged by Euclidean ones) on a posited carrier + signature-parametrized hypersurface-deformation template. The nearest sketch to CONCLUSION §8's spec; fails it (selection-type).
  • F. Finster et al. (causal fermion systems) — program review arXiv:1709.04781 (full text checked); CUP textbook listing arXiv:2411.06450 (2024/25); status paper arXiv:2603.05018 (Farnsworth, Finster, Paganini, Singh — future-dated ID verified real). ESTABLISHED definitions; INFERENCE on the η-identification — The (≤n,≤n)(\le n,\le n)-eigenvalue axiom + indefinite spin scalar product as the relocated Krein η (fourth readout family); minimizer existence only finite-dimensional; all worked examples Dirac-sea encodes.
  • L. Rodina, Phys. Rev. Lett. 134, 031601 (2025). ESTABLISHED — with the binding hypotheses caveat — Hidden zeros ⟺ "subset" enhanced BCFW UV scaling; zeros uniquely fix Tr(φ³) tree amplitudes assuming an ordered local propagator structure and trivial numerators (locality is a hypothesis, not derived — must not be entered as "locality as derived"). Companion conjecture line: Zhou, arXiv:2604.07195 (also assumes locality+unitarity).
  • O. Müller, "On the Hauptvermutung of Causal Set Theory," arXiv:2503.01719 (v2 Dec 2025; preprint, not peer-reviewed, proofs not independently checked). [web-confirmed real] — Two precise inequivalent formulations: one false, one true; countable-set version holds.

Experiment refresh:

  • LIGO–Virgo–KAGRA, GW250114 area-law companion: arXiv:2509.08054; Phys. Rev. Lett. 135, 111403 (2025). ESTABLISHED — Hawking's area law Af>A1+A2A_f>A_1+A_2 confirmed at high credibility (the correct citation — NOT the ringdown-spectroscopy paper 2509.08099, which carries the (2,2,0)(2,2,0)+overtone Kerr-consistency at tens-of-percent level; SNR 80 discovery / 76.9 catalog).
  • LHCb, B0→K∗0μ+μ−B^0\to K^{*0}\mu^+\mu^- comprehensive amplitude analysis: arXiv:2512.18053; PRL 2026, DOI 10.1103/24g9-yn9d. ESTABLISHED measurement / CONTESTED interpretation — ~4σ SM tension [σ-figure from press coverage of the PRL] on full Run 1+2; the flagship surviving flavor anomaly (OP-21).
  • KiDS-Legacy, arXiv:2503.19441 (cosmic shear: S8=0.815−0.021+0.016S_8=0.815^{+0.016}_{-0.021}, 0.73σ from Planck) and arXiv:2503.19442 (joint analysis, Planck-consistent). ESTABLISHED — The S8 easing on the KiDS axis; DES Y6 remains in tension per arXiv:2602.12238 CONTESTED.
  • S. Pedalino, A. Ramírez-Galindo, S. Ferstl, K. Hornberger, M. Arndt, S. Gerlich (Vienna), arXiv:2507.21211; Nature 649, 866 (2026). ESTABLISHED — Interference of sodium nanoclusters >7,000 atoms / >1.7×10⁵ Da; macroscopicity μ=15.5 — the most stringent generic-macrorealism exclusion to date.
  • LHAASO, GRB 221009A LIV bounds: arXiv:2402.06009, PRL (v3 Feb 2026). ESTABLISHED — EQG,1>10 EPlE_{\rm QG,1}>10\,E_{\rm Pl}, EQG,2>6×10−8 EPlE_{\rm QG,2}>6\times10^{-8}\,E_{\rm Pl}.

[unverified] journal-reference ledger (binding; do not promote without a DOI check):

  • From R1 (Springer-sighting-only "JHEP" refs, six): Harlow–Usatyuk–Zhao 2501.02359; Higginbotham 2512.17993 (arXiv page: "Submitted to JHEP"); MSS 2506.18054; Nomura–Vafa-camp NV 2310.16994; ARTW 2511.04511; CCGPR 2303.16316.
  • From R3 (search-snippet JHEP issue/page refs, five): including the colored-Yukawa loop-integrated paper arXiv:2406.04411 [JHEP ref unverified]; enter all five flagged R3 journal refs as arXiv-ID-only with [unverified] journal fields. Attribution fix: the gravituhedron paper arXiv:2012.15780 is single-author Trnka.
  • Other riders: Nimmrichter et al. arXiv:2502.13821 "accepted PRL [journal ref unverified]"; diamagnetic microchip trap arXiv:2411.02325 unverified; Gonzalo–Montero–Obied–Vafa arXiv:2209.09249 unverified; PRD 111, 026014 (2025) Barrett–Crane author list unverified; the "~10⁻¹³ d displacement" figure attributed to 2604.16276 unverified — not in its abstract. Bibliographic fixes carried from referees: Sharmila et al. is Nat. Commun. 17, 701 (2026); Bub et al. arXiv:2408.11094 is published as PRL 134, 121501 (2025).

Iteration-7 verified additions (2026-06-10)

All references below were re-verified live by the iteration-7 referees (arXiv/journal pages fetched; verbatim quotes checked against primary PDFs where load-bearing). No [unverified] riders were introduced by this iteration.

Modular theory ↔ Krein structures (A1, the verdict-flipper track):

  • H. Gottschalk, "Die Momente gefalteter Gauß-Maße und ihre Anwendung in der Quantenfeldtheorie" / related Krein-space QFT work, J. Math. Phys. 43, 4753 (2002). ESTABLISHED — Prior art running Krein → modular: modular structure built atop a posited indefinite-metric space; the reverse direction (modular → Krein) is absent from the literature (the A1 direction-map finding).
  • L. Jakóbczyk, on Tomita–Takesaki theory in indefinite-metric (Krein-space) QFT, 1985 (OSTI 5135323). ESTABLISHED — Same direction: Krein structure assumed, modular objects derived.
  • A. Devastato, S. Farnsworth, F. Lizzi, P. Martinetti, "Lorentz signature and twisted spectral triples," JHEP 03 (2018) 089 (arXiv:1710.04965). ESTABLISHED — The twisted-spectral-triple route: the Krein/η datum installed via the twist (author list corrected by the iteration-7 referee from a truncated form).

Crossed products / constraints (A2):

  • J. Kirklin, all-orders generalized second law, arXiv:2412.01903; JHEP 07 (2025) 192. ESTABLISHED — The nearest existing discharge machinery for higher-order constraint imposition; does not execute the dS closed-slice cubic step.
  • S. Ali Ahmad, R. Jefferson (AAJ), perturbative crossed products beyond subleading order, arXiv:2501.01487. ESTABLISHED — First controlled step past leading order (carried from iteration 6; re-anchored here for the A2 descent argument).

Closed-universe / OP-50 watch (A4):

  • D. Harlow, M. Usatyuk, Y. Zhao, JHEP 02 (2026) 108 (arXiv:2501.02359). CONTESTED premise — Now journal-published; upgrades the iteration-6 [unverified] JHEP flag for this entry.
  • K. Higginbotham, observer complementarity, JHEP 03 (2026) 183 (arXiv:2512.17993). CONTESTED — Now journal-published; upgrades the iteration-6 [unverified] flag.
  • Y. Nomura, T. Ugajin, partial-observability follow-up, arXiv:2602.13387. ESTABLISHED as claims
  • Miyata–Horikoshi–Tajima–Ugajin, arXiv:2606.04575. ESTABLISHED as the paper's construction — The third OP-50 position: a pre-gauge-constraint hyperfinite II₁ dominant sector with a post-constraint polynomial-dimension physical Hilbert space (scope per the iteration-7 referee).

Interpretation, measurement, and dynamical-collapse models (mostly CONTESTED / SPECULATIVE)

  • H. Everett III, "Relative state formulation of quantum mechanics," Rev. Mod. Phys. 29, 454 (1957). CONTESTED — The no-collapse (relative-state / many-worlds) interpretation retaining only unitary evolution.
  • D. Bohm, "A suggested interpretation of the quantum theory in terms of hidden variables, I & II," Phys. Rev. 85, 166 & 180 (1952). CONTESTED — The de Broglie–Bohm pilot-wave theory: an explicit deterministic, contextual, nonlocal hidden-variable completion empirically equivalent to standard QM for the usual observables.
  • G. C. Ghirardi, A. Rimini, T. Weber, "Unified dynamics for microscopic and macroscopic systems," Phys. Rev. D 34, 470 (1986). SPECULATIVE (empirically testable, not yet decided) — The GRW objective-collapse model: an explicit modification of unitary dynamics with experimentally bounded parameters.
  • W. H. Zurek, "Decoherence, einselection, and the quantum origins of the classical," Rev. Mod. Phys. 75, 715 (2003). ESTABLISHED (decoherence mechanism) / CONTESTED (envariance derivation of the Born rule) — Authoritative review of decoherence, pointer-basis einselection, and the emergence of classicality.

Functional-analysis underpinnings (Reed–Simon) are listed under §8; rigorous operator-algebra results (Gelfand–Naimark, Bargmann, Gleason) are cross-referenced from §8.

2. Quantum field theory and particle physics

Primary support for domains/quantum-field-theory.md and domains/particle-physics.md.

Textbooks

  • S. Weinberg, The Quantum Theory of Fields, Vols. I–III (Cambridge Univ. Press, 1995–2000). ESTABLISHED — The deepest first-principles treatment: derives QFT from Poincaré invariance, unitarity, and cluster decomposition; authoritative on Wigner's classification, renormalization, gauge theories, electroweak symmetry breaking, and anomalies.
  • M. E. Peskin and D. V. Schroeder, An Introduction to Quantum Field Theory (Addison-Wesley, 1995). ESTABLISHED — Standard graduate text for canonical + path-integral methods, renormalization, RG, gauge theories, and the chiral anomaly; the working calculational reference (and the QFT backbone for the Standard Model).
  • M. D. Schwartz, Quantum Field Theory and the Standard Model (Cambridge Univ. Press, 2014). ESTABLISHED — Modern text tying QFT formalism to SM phenomenology, EFT, and precision calculations.
  • A. Zee, Quantum Field Theory in a Nutshell, 2nd ed. (Princeton Univ. Press, 2010). ESTABLISHED — Path-integral-first and physically motivated; strong on the Wilsonian/EFT picture and conceptual structure.
  • C. Itzykson and J.-B. Zuber, Quantum Field Theory (McGraw-Hill, 1980). ESTABLISHED — Comprehensive classic on perturbation theory, renormalization, functional methods, and QED precision diagrammatics.
  • C. Quigg, Gauge Theories of the Strong, Weak, and Electromagnetic Interactions, 2nd ed. (Princeton Univ. Press, 2013). ESTABLISHED — Focused, physically motivated exposition of the SM gauge structure, electroweak theory, and the Higgs mechanism.
  • R. F. Streater and A. S. Wightman, PCT, Spin and Statistics, and All That (Benjamin, 1964; Princeton reissue 2000). ESTABLISHED — Canonical reference for the Wightman axioms, the reconstruction theorem, spin–statistics, and CPT — the rigorous operator/correlation foundation.
  • R. Haag, Local Quantum Physics: Fields, Particles, Algebras, 2nd ed. (Springer, 1996). ESTABLISHED — Definitive text on algebraic QFT (Haag–Kastler nets), DHR superselection, modular theory, Reeh–Schlieder, Bisognano–Wichmann, and Haag's theorem. (Also primary for §8.)
  • J. Glimm and A. Jaffe, Quantum Physics: A Functional Integral Point of View, 2nd ed. (Springer, 1987). ESTABLISHED — Authoritative account of constructive QFT: rigorous construction of ϕ4\phi^4 in 2 and 3 dimensions, the Osterwalder–Schrader axioms, and the methods/limits of the program. (Also primary for §8.)

Data reference

  • Particle Data Group (R. L. Workman et al.), Review of Particle Physics, Prog. Theor. Exp. Phys. (updated regularly; latest edition supersedes prior ones). ESTABLISHED — The standard source for measured SM parameters, masses, mixing matrices, and review articles. Use for any numerical value (see CONSTANTS_AND_SCALES.md). [unverified] exact lead-author/year for the current edition; cite the edition in hand.

Landmark papers — structure of QFT

  • E. P. Wigner, "On unitary representations of the inhomogeneous Lorentz group," Annals of Mathematics 40, 149 (1939). ESTABLISHED — Classifies particles as unitary irreducible representations of the Poincaré group (labeled by mass mm and spin/helicity).
  • K. G. Wilson and J. Kogut, "The renormalization group and the ε\varepsilon expansion," Physics Reports 12, 75 (1974). ESTABLISHED — The Wilsonian RG/EFT reframing of renormalization; foundational for relevant/marginal/irrelevant operators and universality. (Also primary for §5; cross-listed there.)
  • H. Reeh and S. Schlieder, Nuovo Cimento 22, 1051 (1961); J. J. Bisognano and E. H. Wichmann, J. Math. Phys. 16, 985 (1975). ESTABLISHED — Vacuum cyclicity/entanglement (Reeh–Schlieder) and modular-flow-equals-boost (Bisognano–Wichmann); structural theorems linking locality, modular theory, and the Unruh effect.
  • R. D. Sorkin, "Impossible measurements on quantum fields," in Directions in General Relativity, Vol. 2 (1993); C. J. Fewster and R. Verch, "Quantum fields and local measurements," Commun. Math. Phys. 378, 851 (2020). OPEN (problem) / INFERENCE (proposed framework) — The relativistic measurement problem (impossible measurements / superluminal signaling) and a modern consistent local-measurement framework.

Landmark papers — the Standard Model

  • S. L. Glashow, Nucl. Phys. 22, 579 (1961); S. Weinberg, Phys. Rev. Lett. 19, 1264 (1967); A. Salam (1968). ESTABLISHED — Founding papers unifying the electroweak interactions.
  • G. 't Hooft and M. Veltman, Nucl. Phys. B 44, 189 (1972). ESTABLISHED — Renormalizability of spontaneously broken non-Abelian gauge theories, making the electroweak theory predictive (Nobel 1999).
  • P. W. Higgs, Phys. Rev. Lett. 13, 508 (1964); F. Englert and R. Brout, Phys. Rev. Lett. 13, 321 (1964); G. Guralnik, C. R. Hagen, T. W. B. Kibble, Phys. Rev. Lett. 13, 585 (1964). ESTABLISHED — The Brout–Englert–Higgs mechanism; the boson was discovered by ATLAS and CMS in 2012 (Nobel 2013).
  • D. J. Gross and F. Wilczek, Phys. Rev. Lett. 30, 1343 (1973); H. D. Politzer, Phys. Rev. Lett. 30, 1346 (1973). ESTABLISHED — Asymptotic freedom in non-Abelian gauge theory, the foundation of perturbative QCD (Nobel 2004).
  • S. L. Adler, Phys. Rev. 177, 2426 (1969); J. S. Bell and R. Jackiw, Nuovo Cimento A 60, 47 (1969). ESTABLISHED — The chiral (ABJ) anomaly: a classical symmetry broken by quantization, with physical consequences and gauge-anomaly-cancellation constraints.
  • M. Kobayashi and T. Maskawa, Prog. Theor. Phys. 49, 652 (1973). ESTABLISHED — Three quark generations permit CP violation via a single CKM phase (Nobel 2008).
  • R. D. Peccei and H. R. Quinn, Phys. Rev. Lett. 38, 1440 (1977); S. Weinberg (1978); F. Wilczek (1978). ESTABLISHED (mechanism) / OPEN (axion existence) — The Peccei–Quinn solution to the strong-CP problem and the prediction of the axion.
  • A. D. Sakharov, JETP Lett. 5, 24 (1967). ESTABLISHED (necessary conditions) / OPEN (realized mechanism) — The three conditions (B violation, C/CP violation, departure from equilibrium) for dynamically generating the baryon asymmetry. See OPEN_PROBLEMS.md.

3. General relativity and gravitation

Primary support for domains/general-relativity.md.

Textbooks and treatises

  • C. W. Misner, K. S. Thorne, J. A. Wheeler, Gravitation (Freeman, 1973; reissued Princeton Univ. Press, 2017). ESTABLISHED — The canonical comprehensive reference ("MTW"); definitive on geometry, the equivalence principle, ADM, and gravitational waves. Source for sign-convention tables (see domains/general-relativity.md).
  • R. M. Wald, General Relativity (Univ. of Chicago Press, 1984). ESTABLISHED — The standard rigorous graduate text; authoritative on causal structure, singularity theorems, energy, asymptotic flatness (ADM/Bondi), and QFT in curved spacetime.
  • S. M. Carroll, Spacetime and Geometry: An Introduction to General Relativity (Addison-Wesley, 2004). ESTABLISHED — Modern, clear graduate text; good on the Einstein–Hilbert variational derivation, diffeomorphism invariance, and observational connections.
  • S. W. Hawking and G. F. R. Ellis, The Large Scale Structure of Space-Time (Cambridge Univ. Press, 1973). ESTABLISHED — Definitive treatment of global causal structure, energy conditions, and the Hawking–Penrose singularity theorems. (Also primary for §6; cross-listed there.)

Landmark papers and theorems

  • R. Penrose, "Gravitational collapse and space-time singularities," Phys. Rev. Lett. 14, 57 (1965). ESTABLISHED — The original trapped-surface singularity theorem; foundational for black-hole and cosmological singularity results (2020 Nobel).
  • R. Arnowitt, S. Deser, C. W. Misner, "The dynamics of general relativity" (1962; reprinted as arXiv:gr-qc/0405109). ESTABLISHED — The original ADM 3+13+1 Hamiltonian formulation, constraints, and definition of ADM energy.
  • Y. Choquet-Bruhat and R. Geroch, "Global aspects of the Cauchy problem in general relativity," Commun. Math. Phys. 14, 329 (1969). ESTABLISHED — Existence and uniqueness of the maximal globally hyperbolic development: the rigorous statement of GR's determinism.
  • R. Schoen and S.-T. Yau, "On the proof of the positive mass conjecture in general relativity," Commun. Math. Phys. 65, 45 (1979); E. Witten, Commun. Math. Phys. 80, 381 (1981). ESTABLISHED — Proofs of the positive-energy theorem (MADM≥0M_{\mathrm{ADM}} \ge 0), foundational for the consistency of GR's notion of total energy.
  • D. Christodoulou and S. Klainerman, The Global Nonlinear Stability of the Minkowski Space (Princeton Univ. Press, 1993). ESTABLISHED — Landmark proof that Minkowski space is nonlinearly stable; a benchmark global-existence result in GR PDE theory.
  • B. P. Abbott et al. (LIGO Scientific & Virgo Collaborations), "Observation of gravitational waves from a binary black hole merger," Phys. Rev. Lett. 116, 061102 (2016). ESTABLISHED — First direct detection (GW150914); confirmation of GR's dynamical, strong-field, radiative regime.
  • S. W. Hawking, "Particle creation by black holes," Commun. Math. Phys. 43, 199 (1975). ESTABLISHED (radiation) / OPEN (information fate) — Derivation of Hawking radiation; origin of the information paradox at the GR/QFT/thermodynamics interface. (Load-bearing across §5, §6, §7; primary listing here.)
  • C. M. Will, "The confrontation between general relativity and experiment," Living Reviews in Relativity 17, 4 (2014). ESTABLISHED — Authoritative, regularly updated review of the PPN formalism and the tests defining GR's domain of validity. [unverified] exact article number of the most recent revision; cite the current Living Reviews version.

4. Classical mechanics

Primary support for domains/classical-mechanics.md.

Textbooks

  • H. Goldstein, C. Poole, J. Safko, Classical Mechanics, 3rd ed. (Addison-Wesley, 2002). ESTABLISHED — Standard graduate text; canonical treatment of Lagrangian/Hamiltonian formalism, canonical transformations, Hamilton–Jacobi theory, rigid bodies, and chaos.
  • L. D. Landau and E. M. Lifshitz, Mechanics (Course of Theoretical Physics, Vol. 1), 3rd ed. (Pergamon, 1976). ESTABLISHED — Develops all of mechanics from the principle of least action with exceptional economy; authoritative on conservation laws, small oscillations, and the rigid body.
  • V. I. Arnold, Mathematical Methods of Classical Mechanics, 2nd ed. (Springer, GTM 60, 1989). ESTABLISHED — The definitive geometric/symplectic treatment: differential forms, symplectic manifolds, Liouville–Arnold integrability, action–angle variables, KAM; the bridge to modern mathematics (domains/mathematics.md).
  • J. E. Marsden and T. S. Ratiu, Introduction to Mechanics and Symmetry, 2nd ed. (Springer, 1999). ESTABLISHED — Authoritative on the geometry of symmetry: moment maps, Marsden–Weinstein symplectic reduction, Lie-group actions, and the modern form of Noether's theorem.
  • V. I. Arnold, V. V. Kozlov, A. I. Neishtadt, Mathematical Aspects of Classical and Celestial Mechanics, 3rd ed. (Springer, 2006). ESTABLISHED — Comprehensive modern survey of integrable systems, perturbation theory, KAM, Arnold diffusion, and the rigorous state of celestial mechanics.
  • R. P. Feynman and A. R. Hibbs, Quantum Mechanics and Path Integrals (McGraw-Hill, 1965). ESTABLISHED — The path-integral formulation ∝eiS/ℏ\propto e^{iS/\hbar} and the derivation of the classical least-action principle as its stationary-phase limit.

Landmark papers and original sources

  • E. Noether, "Invariante Variationsprobleme," Nachr. Ges. Wiss. Göttingen (1918). ESTABLISHED — The original paper establishing the symmetry–conservation correspondence (Noether's first and second theorems).
  • H. Poincaré, Les Méthodes Nouvelles de la Mécanique Céleste, 3 vols. (Gauthier-Villars, 1892–1899). ESTABLISHED — Landmark origin of qualitative dynamics, the three-body problem, homoclinic tangles, and deterministic chaos / nonintegrability.
  • A. N. Kolmogorov (1954), V. I. Arnold (1963), J. Moser (1962) — the original KAM papers; synthesized in J. Moser, Stable and Random Motions in Dynamical Systems (Princeton Univ. Press, 1973). ESTABLISHED — Persistence of invariant tori under perturbation; foundational for the integrable–chaotic transition.
  • P. A. M. Dirac, Lectures on Quantum Mechanics (Belfer Graduate School, 1964); and "Generalized Hamiltonian dynamics" (1950). ESTABLISHED — Constraint analysis of singular Lagrangians (Dirac–Bergmann), Dirac brackets, and the bracket→commutator correspondence.
  • F. Bayen, M. Flato, C. Fronsdal, A. Lichnerowicz, D. Sternheimer, "Deformation theory and quantization, I & II," Ann. Phys. (NY) 111 (1978). ESTABLISHED (math) — Founding papers of deformation quantization and the star product, formalizing quantization as a deformation of the classical Poisson algebra.
  • Z. Xia, "The existence of noncollision singularities in Newtonian systems," Annals of Mathematics 135 (1992), 411–468. ESTABLISHED — Rigorous proof that finite-time noncollision singularities exist in the Newtonian NN-body problem (N≥5N \ge 5), bounding global determinism. See GAPS_AND_CONTRADICTIONS.md.
  • J. D. Norton, "The dome: an unexpectedly simple failure of determinism," Philosophy of Science 75 (2008). CONTESTED — Sharp articulation of the non-Lipschitz indeterminism debate internal to Newtonian mechanics.

5. Thermodynamics and statistical mechanics

Primary support for domains/thermodynamics.md and domains/statistical-mechanics.md.

Textbooks

  • H. B. Callen, Thermodynamics and an Introduction to Thermostatistics, 2nd ed. (Wiley, 1985). ESTABLISHED — The canonical axiomatic (postulatory) treatment: fundamental relation, extremum principles, Legendre transforms, Maxwell relations, stability.
  • E. Fermi, Thermodynamics (Dover, 1956); M. W. Zemansky and R. H. Dittman, Heat and Thermodynamics (McGraw-Hill; multiple eds.). ESTABLISHED — Classic clear expositions of the four laws, Carnot's theorem, and the operational definition of absolute temperature. [unverified] exact edition/year of the Zemansky–Dittman volume in use.
  • L. D. Landau and E. M. Lifshitz, Statistical Physics, Part 1 (Course of Theoretical Physics, Vol. 5), 3rd ed. (Pergamon). ESTABLISHED — Authoritative bridge from statistical mechanics to thermodynamics: equilibrium ensembles, fluctuations, phase transitions, and the third law from quantum statistics.
  • K. Huang, Statistical Mechanics, 2nd ed. (Wiley, 1987). ESTABLISHED — Standard pedagogical text: Boltzmann equation and H-theorem, the ensembles, quantum gases, and the Ising model via the transfer matrix.
  • R. K. Pathria and P. D. Beale, Statistical Mechanics, 3rd ed. (Elsevier/Academic Press). ESTABLISHED — Comprehensive coverage of quantum statistics, the grand canonical ensemble, BEC, fluctuation–dissipation, and an introduction to critical phenomena and the RG.
  • L. E. Reichl, A Modern Course in Statistical Physics (Wiley; multiple eds.). ESTABLISHED — Strong on nonequilibrium statistical mechanics, kinetic theory, linear response, and the fluctuation–dissipation theorem.
  • N. Goldenfeld, Lectures on Phase Transitions and the Renormalization Group (Addison-Wesley, 1992). ESTABLISHED — Conceptually careful treatment of scaling, universality, and Wilsonian RG, including the ε\varepsilon-expansion.
  • A. I. Khinchin, Mathematical Foundations of Statistical Mechanics (Dover, 1949). ESTABLISHED — Rigorous demonstration that the equivalence of time and phase averages for macroscopic sum-functions rests on high dimensionality, not strict ergodicity — a cornerstone of the typicality viewpoint.

Historical origins

  • S. Carnot, Réflexions sur la puissance motrice du feu (1824); R. Clausius (1865, introduction of entropy); L. Boltzmann, Lectures on Gas Theory (1896–98). ESTABLISHED — Origins of the Carnot bound, the entropy concept, and the kinetic foundation of the second law.

Landmark papers — equilibrium, critical phenomena, foundations

  • L. Onsager, "Crystal statistics. I. A two-dimensional model with an order–disorder transition," Phys. Rev. 65, 117 (1944). ESTABLISHED — Exact solution of the 2D Ising model; the landmark demonstration of a genuine phase transition with non-mean-field critical exponents.
  • K. G. Wilson and J. Kogut, "The renormalization group and the ε\varepsilon expansion," Phys. Rep. 12, 75 (1974). ESTABLISHED — RG explanation of critical phenomena and universality (Wilson, Nobel 1982). (Primary entry; also load-bearing in §2.)
  • E. T. Jaynes, "Information theory and statistical mechanics," Phys. Rev. 106, 620 (1957). CONTESTED — The maximum-entropy / inferential reinterpretation of statistical mechanics; central to the disputed information-theoretic foundations. See domains/information-theory.md.
  • J. L. Lebowitz, "Boltzmann's entropy and time's arrow," Physics Today 46(9), 32 (1993). INFERENCE — Influential modern statement of the typicality/Boltzmann-entropy resolution of the irreversibility paradoxes (Loschmidt, Zermelo) and the role of the low-entropy past.
  • O. E. Lanford III, "Time evolution of large classical systems," in Dynamical Systems, Theory and Applications, Lecture Notes in Physics 38 (Springer, 1975). ESTABLISHED — Rigorous derivation of the Boltzmann equation from Hamiltonian dynamics (Boltzmann–Grad limit) for short times, clarifying the status of molecular chaos.

Landmark papers — nonequilibrium and fluctuation theorems

  • L. Onsager, Phys. Rev. 37, 405 and 38, 2265 (1931); S. R. de Groot and P. Mazur, Non-Equilibrium Thermodynamics (Dover, 1984). ESTABLISHED — Onsager reciprocal relations and linear irreversible thermodynamics; the near-equilibrium extension and connection to transport.
  • R. Kubo, "Statistical-mechanical theory of irreversible processes I," J. Phys. Soc. Jpn. 12, 570 (1957). ESTABLISHED — Linear-response theory and the fluctuation–dissipation theorem (Green–Kubo relations for transport coefficients).
  • C. Jarzynski, "Nonequilibrium equality for free energy differences," Phys. Rev. Lett. 78, 2690 (1997). ESTABLISHED — The Jarzynski equality ⟨e−βW⟩=e−βΔF\langle e^{-\beta W}\rangle = e^{-\beta \Delta F}, an exact nonequilibrium identity refining the second law.
  • G. E. Crooks, "Entropy production fluctuation theorem and the nonequilibrium work relation for free energy differences," Phys. Rev. E 60, 2721 (1999). ESTABLISHED — The Crooks fluctuation theorem relating forward/reverse work distributions; the detailed result from which Jarzynski follows.
  • U. Seifert, "Stochastic thermodynamics, fluctuation theorems and molecular machines," Rep. Prog. Phys. 75, 126001 (2012). ESTABLISHED — Comprehensive review of stochastic thermodynamics and trajectory-level entropy production.

Landmark papers — quantum thermalization

  • J. M. Deutsch, Phys. Rev. A 43, 2046 (1991); M. Srednicki, "Chaos and quantum thermalization," Phys. Rev. E 50, 888 (1994). INFERENCE (hypothesis, strongly supported) — The original formulations of the Eigenstate Thermalization Hypothesis (ETH) explaining thermalization in isolated quantum systems.
  • L. D'Alessio, Y. Kafri, A. Polkovnikov, M. Rigol, "From quantum chaos and eigenstate thermalization to statistical mechanics and thermodynamics," Adv. Phys. 65, 239 (2016). INFERENCE — Comprehensive modern review tying ETH, quantum chaos, random-matrix theory, integrability/GGE, and the foundations of quantum statistical mechanics.

Black-hole thermodynamics (interface with §3, §6, §7)

  • J. D. Bekenstein, "Black holes and entropy," Phys. Rev. D 7, 2333 (1973). ESTABLISHED (within semiclassical gravity) — Black-hole entropy S=A/4S = A/4 (in G=ℏ=c=kB=1G=\hbar=c=k_B=1 units). (Primary entry; companion to Hawking 1975, §3.)
  • J. M. Bardeen, B. Carter, S. W. Hawking, "The four laws of black hole mechanics," Commun. Math. Phys. 31, 161 (1973). ESTABLISHED — The isomorphism between black-hole mechanics and the four laws of thermodynamics.
  • A. Strominger and C. Vafa, "Microscopic origin of the Bekenstein–Hawking entropy," Phys. Lett. B 379, 99 (1996). ESTABLISHED (for the specific BPS cases) / OPEN (general case) — String-theoretic microstate counting reproducing S=A/4S=A/4 for certain extremal black holes. See OPEN_PROBLEMS.md.

6. Cosmology

Primary support for domains/cosmology.md.

Textbooks

  • S. Weinberg, Cosmology (Oxford Univ. Press, 2008). ESTABLISHED — Authoritative graduate text; rigorous FLRW dynamics, the CMB and perturbation theory, and the anthropic bound on Λ\Lambda.
  • S. Dodelson and F. Schmidt, Modern Cosmology, 2nd ed. (Academic Press, 2020). ESTABLISHED — Standard reference for the Einstein–Boltzmann hierarchy, CMB and matter power spectra, and the formalism behind CAMB/CLASS.
  • V. Mukhanov, Physical Foundations of Cosmology (Cambridge Univ. Press, 2005). ESTABLISHED (formalism) — Rigorous cosmological perturbation theory and the inflationary generation of primordial fluctuations.
  • D. Baumann, Cosmology (Cambridge Univ. Press, 2022). ESTABLISHED — Modern pedagogical synthesis of background dynamics, inflation, and perturbations with current observational framing.
  • E. W. Kolb and M. S. Turner, The Early Universe (Addison-Wesley, 1990). ESTABLISHED — Classic reference on thermal history, freeze-out, BBN, and relics; standard source for the hot-Big-Bang formalism.
  • G. F. R. Ellis, R. Maartens, M. A. H. MacCallum, Relativistic Cosmology (Cambridge Univ. Press, 2012). ESTABLISHED — Careful treatment of the cosmological principle, averaging/backreaction (the fitting problem), and the foundations of the FLRW idealization.

Data reference

  • Planck Collaboration, "Planck 2018 results. VI. Cosmological parameters," Astron. Astrophys. 641, A6 (2020). ESTABLISHED — The definitive CMB determination of the six Λ\LambdaCDM parameters; baseline for the H0H_0-tension and curvature discussions. Use for numerical values (see CONSTANTS_AND_SCALES.md); the wiki states such values approximately by design.

Landmark papers and theorems

  • A. H. Guth, "Inflationary universe: a possible solution to the horizon and flatness problems," Phys. Rev. D 23, 347 (1981). INFERENCE (paradigm, strongly favored) — Foundational inflation paper articulating the horizon, flatness, and monopole problems.
  • A. Borde, A. H. Guth, A. Vilenkin, "Inflationary spacetimes are not past-complete," Phys. Rev. Lett. 90, 151301 (2003). ESTABLISHED (theorem) / SPECULATIVE (multiverse reading) — The BGV theorem: even eternally inflating spacetimes have a past boundary.
  • S. Weinberg, "The cosmological constant problem," Rev. Mod. Phys. 61, 1 (1989). OPEN — The canonical statement of the cosmological-constant problem and survey of attempted solutions; still the reference framing. See OPEN_PROBLEMS.md.
  • R. Penrose, "Singularities and time-asymmetry," in General Relativity: An Einstein Centenary Survey, eds. S. W. Hawking and W. Israel (Cambridge Univ. Press, 1979); and The Road to Reality (Jonathan Cape, 2004). SPECULATIVE — Origin of the Weyl curvature hypothesis and the gravitational-entropy framing of the low-entropy past and the arrow of time. See HYPOTHESES.md.
  • S. W. Hawking and G. F. R. Ellis, The Large Scale Structure of Space-Time (Cambridge Univ. Press, 1973). ESTABLISHED — Singularity theorems and the rigorous geometric basis for the breakdown of FLRW at the initial singularity. (Primary listing in §3.)

7. Information theory and quantum information

Primary support for domains/information-theory.md.

Textbooks

  • T. M. Cover and J. A. Thomas, Elements of Information Theory, 2nd ed. (Wiley, 2006). ESTABLISHED — The canonical classical reference: AEP, data-processing inequality, capacity, rate–distortion, and the Kolmogorov-complexity chapter.
  • M. Li and P. Vitányi, An Introduction to Kolmogorov Complexity and Its Applications (Springer; multiple eds.). ESTABLISHED — Definitive treatment of algorithmic information theory: the invariance theorem, incomputability, relation to Shannon entropy, and Chaitin's results.
  • M. A. Nielsen and I. L. Chuang, Quantum Computation and Quantum Information (Cambridge Univ. Press, 2000/2010). ESTABLISHED — The standard quantum-information text: von Neumann entropy, no-cloning, teleportation, entanglement measures, channel capacities, error correction. (Primary listing in §1.)
  • M. M. Wilde, Quantum Information Theory, 2nd ed. (Cambridge Univ. Press, 2017). ESTABLISHED — Modern rigorous treatment of channels, entropies, and the information-theoretic structure underlying the operational generalization of the QM axioms.

Foundational papers — classical and quantum information

  • C. E. Shannon, "A mathematical theory of communication," Bell System Technical Journal 27, 379 & 623 (1948). ESTABLISHED — Founding paper: entropy, mutual information, source and channel coding theorems, channel capacity.
  • E. H. Lieb and M. B. Ruskai, "Proof of the strong subadditivity of quantum-mechanical entropy," J. Math. Phys. 14, 1938 (1973). ESTABLISHED — Proof of strong subadditivity, the single most important entropy inequality, underlying both quantum information and holographic entropy constraints.
  • J. A. Wheeler, "Information, physics, quantum: the search for links," in Complexity, Entropy and the Physics of Information (Addison-Wesley, 1990). SPECULATIVE — The "it from bit" manifesto framing physics as fundamentally informational; the conceptual lodestar of the domain. See UNIFYING_PRINCIPLES.md.

Thermodynamics of computation (interface with §5)

  • R. Landauer, "Irreversibility and heat generation in the computing process," IBM J. Res. Dev. 5, 183 (1961). ESTABLISHED — Landauer's principle: erasing one bit dissipates at least kBTln⁡2k_B T \ln 2 of heat.
  • C. H. Bennett, "The thermodynamics of computation — a review," Int. J. Theor. Phys. 21, 905 (1982). ESTABLISHED — Reversible computation and the resolution of the Maxwell-demon paradox via the cost of erasure.
  • N. Margolus and L. B. Levitin, "The maximum speed of dynamical evolution," Physica D 120, 188 (1998); S. Lloyd, "Ultimate physical limits to computation," Nature 406, 1047 (2000). ESTABLISHED (bounds) — The quantum speed limit / maximum operation rate and Lloyd's synthesis of physical bounds into computational ceilings.

Holography and "spacetime from entanglement"

  • J. D. Bekenstein, "Universal upper bound on the entropy-to-energy ratio for bounded systems," Phys. Rev. D 23, 287 (1981); G. 't Hooft (1993) and L. Susskind, "The world as a hologram," J. Math. Phys. 36, 6377 (1995); R. Bousso, "A covariant entropy conjecture," JHEP 07 (1999) 004, and "The holographic principle," Rev. Mod. Phys. 74, 825 (2002). INFERENCE (Bekenstein/Bousso bounds) / SPECULATIVE (holographic principle as fundamental) — The information-bound backbone of holography. [unverified] exact JHEP article number of Bousso 1999.
  • S. Ryu and T. Takayanagi, "Holographic derivation of entanglement entropy from AdS/CFT," Phys. Rev. Lett. 96, 181602 (2006); V. E. Hubeny, M. Rangamani, T. Takayanagi, JHEP 07 (2007) 062. INFERENCE (within AdS/CFT) — The RT formula and its covariant (HRT) generalization: entanglement entropy as a minimal/extremal bulk area.
  • A. Almheiri, X. Dong, D. Harlow, "Bulk locality and quantum error correction in AdS/CFT," JHEP 04 (2015) 163; F. Pastawski, B. Yoshida, D. Harlow, J. Preskill, "Holographic quantum error-correcting codes," JHEP 06 (2015) 149. SPECULATIVE — AdS/CFT as a quantum error-correcting code and the HaPPY tensor-network model.
  • T. Jacobson, "Thermodynamics of spacetime: the Einstein equation of state," Phys. Rev. Lett. 75, 1260 (1995); M. Van Raamsdonk, "Building up spacetime with quantum entanglement," Gen. Rel. Grav. 42, 2323 (2010); J. Maldacena and L. Susskind, "Cool horizons for entangled black holes," Fortsch. Phys. 61, 781 (2013). SPECULATIVE — Jacobson's thermodynamic derivation of Einstein's equations, the "spacetime from entanglement" thesis, and the ER=EPR conjecture. See UNIFICATION_LANDSCAPE.md.
  • D. N. Page, "Information in black hole radiation," Phys. Rev. Lett. 71, 3743 (1993); G. Penington (2020) and A. Almheiri, N. Engelhardt, D. Marolf, H. Maxfield (2020) on islands / quantum extremal surfaces. OPEN (paradox) / SPECULATIVE (island resolution) — The Page curve and the recent QES/island program within gravitational path integrals. [unverified] exact journal/arXiv coordinates of the 2020 island papers; cite from the original arXiv postings.

(Hawking 1975 — the origin of the information paradox — is listed in §3.)

8. Mathematical physics

Primary support for domains/mathematics.md.

Functional analysis and operator algebras

  • M. Reed and B. Simon, Methods of Modern Mathematical Physics, Vols. I–IV (Academic Press, 1972–1979). ESTABLISHED — The canonical rigorous reference for functional analysis in physics: Hilbert spaces, self-adjointness and self-adjoint extensions (deficiency indices), the spectral theorem, Stone's theorem, and scattering. Vol. I (Functional Analysis), II (Self-Adjointness), III (Scattering), IV (Analysis of Operators). (Load-bearing for §1.)
  • M. Takesaki, Theory of Operator Algebras, Vols. I–III (Springer, 1979/2003). ESTABLISHED — The definitive treatise on C∗C^*- and von Neumann algebras, the Murray–von Neumann/Connes type classification, and Tomita–Takesaki modular theory with the KMS condition.
  • R. Haag, Local Quantum Physics: Fields, Particles, Algebras, 2nd ed. (Springer, 1996). ESTABLISHED — Algebraic QFT, the type-III nature of local algebras, modular theory in physics, DHR superselection. (Primary listing in §2.)

Geometry, topology, and representation theory

  • M. Nakahara, Geometry, Topology and Physics, 2nd ed. (IOP, 2003). ESTABLISHED — Widely used physicist's reference for manifolds, differential forms, fiber bundles, connections and curvature, characteristic classes, the Atiyah–Singer index theorem, and applications to gauge theory, anomalies, and instantons.
  • A. O. Barut and R. Rączka, Theory of Group Representations and Applications (PWN, 1977); M. E. Taylor, Noncommutative Harmonic Analysis (AMS, 1986). ESTABLISHED — Standard references for Lie groups, Lie algebras, and unitary representation theory in physics, including induced representations and Wigner's classification of Poincaré irreps. [unverified] exact year of the Taylor volume.

Rigorous QFT, constructive results, and modern frameworks

  • J. Glimm and A. Jaffe, Quantum Physics: A Functional Integral Point of View, 2nd ed. (Springer, 1987). ESTABLISHED — Constructive QFT and the rigorous Euclidean path integral, including the Osterwalder–Schrader axioms and the construction of P(ϕ)2P(\phi)_2 and ϕ34\phi^4_3. (Primary listing in §2.)
  • A. Jaffe and E. Witten, "Quantum Yang–Mills theory" (Clay Mathematics Institute Millennium Problem description, 2000). OPEN — The official statement of the Yang–Mills existence and mass-gap problem. See OPEN_PROBLEMS.md and GAPS_AND_CONTRADICTIONS.md.
  • M. Aizenman (Phys. Rev. Lett. 1981; Commun. Math. Phys. 1982) and M. Aizenman and H. Duminil-Copin, "Marginal triviality of the scaling limits of critical 4D Ising and ϕ44\phi^4_4 models," Annals of Mathematics 194 (2021), 163–235. ESTABLISHED — Rigorous proof of triviality of the continuum limit of ϕ4\phi^4 in four dimensions: some 4D theories exist only as cutoff effective theories. Central to the domain-of-validity discussion in domains/quantum-field-theory.md.
  • J. Lurie, "On the classification of topological field theories," Current Developments in Mathematics 2008 (2009), 129–280. INFERENCE (proof program/sketch) — The cobordism hypothesis; central result on fully extended TQFTs and higher-categorical structures.
  • K. Costello and O. Gwilliam, Factorization Algebras in Quantum Field Theory, Vols. 1–2 (Cambridge Univ. Press, 2017/2021). INFERENCE (perturbative scope) — Rigorous formulation of perturbative QFT via factorization algebras and the Batalin–Vilkovisky formalism; a leading bridge between physicists' QFT and rigorous mathematics.

Structural theorems and the meta-question

  • V. Bargmann, "On unitary ray representations of continuous groups," Ann. Math. 59 (1954); A. M. Gleason (1957, see §1); I. M. Gelfand and M. A. Naimark (1943) and I. E. Segal foundational C∗C^*-algebra papers. ESTABLISHED — Projective/ray representations (Bargmann–Wigner), the near-uniqueness of the Born rule (Gleason), and the representability of C∗C^*-algebras (Gelfand–Naimark–Segal).
  • E. P. Wigner, "The unreasonable effectiveness of mathematics in the natural sciences," Comm. Pure Appl. Math. 13 (1960), 1–14. OPEN (philosophical) — The original essay framing why mathematics is so effective in physics. See UNIFYING_PRINCIPLES.md.

9. Quantum gravity and unification

There is currently no experimentally confirmed theory of quantum gravity ESTABLISHED; accordingly every entry below is SPECULATIVE or OPEN as physics, even where the mathematics is rigorous. Many key results in this area are also load-bearing in §3 (Hawking 1975, Bardeen–Carter–Hawking), §5 (Bekenstein, Strominger–Vafa), and §7 (holography, RT/HRT, ER=EPR, islands) and are not repeated here. This section collects the additional canonical unification-program references. See UNIFICATION_LANDSCAPE.md, HYPOTHESES.md, and OPEN_PROBLEMS.md.

  • J. M. Maldacena, "The large-NN limit of superconformal field theories and supergravity," Adv. Theor. Math. Phys. 2, 231 (1998). SPECULATIVE (conjecture, very strongly supported within its regime) — The AdS/CFT correspondence; the most concrete realization of holography and the engine behind much of §7. [unverified] exact page; widely cited as Adv. Theor. Math. Phys. 2 (1998) 231 / Int. J. Theor. Phys. 38 (1999) 1113.
  • J. Polchinski, String Theory, Vols. I–II (Cambridge Univ. Press, 1998). ESTABLISHED (as exposition of the framework) — The standard graduate reference for perturbative string theory, D-branes, and dualities. The physical correctness of string theory as the theory of nature is OPEN.
  • C. Rovelli, Quantum Gravity (Cambridge Univ. Press, 2004); T. Thiemann, Modern Canonical Quantum General Relativity (Cambridge Univ. Press, 2007). SPECULATIVE — Canonical references for loop quantum gravity (spin networks, the area/volume operators, spin foams). [unverified] exact year of the Thiemann volume.

Caution (per EPISTEMICS.md). The maturity of the mathematics in these programs must never be conflated with empirical confirmation of the physics. None of the candidate quantum-gravity frameworks has a confirmed prediction distinguishing it from the others or from semiclassical gravity ESTABLISHED. Treat all unification claims sourced from this section as SPECULATIVE unless a domain page demonstrates otherwise.

Maintenance conventions

  • Dedup rule. A source load-bearing in multiple domains is listed once under its primary section and cross-referenced (not re-quoted) elsewhere. When adding a reference, search this page first.
  • No fabrication. Add only sources you are confident exist. If unsure of a detail, supply author + title + approximate year and append [unverified]. Never invent a DOI, volume, page, or theorem name. This mirrors the cardinal rule of EPISTEMICS.md.
  • Numbers. All numerical constants and measured parameters trace to the Particle Data Group (§2) or Planck (§6); see CONSTANTS_AND_SCALES.md. Do not cite numbers from textbooks of memory.
  • Provenance. New entries should record which domain dossier or page motivated them; log additions in CHANGELOG.md.

See also

References

This is the references page. Other wiki pages should cite back here rather than maintaining parallel source lists. Cross-domain meta-pages — UNIFICATION_LANDSCAPE.md, UNIFYING_PRINCIPLES.md, FINDINGS.md, ROADMAP.md — should link individual entries above by author + short title.